Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiovascular Disease
Ang arteryal na hypertension o hypertension ay isang kondisyon ng patuloy na systolic at diastolic na presyon ng dugo, kung saan ang mga sukatan ay lumalagpas sa 140/90 mmHg. Ang mataas na presyon ay nagpapakita ng mga hindi komportableng sintomas.
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Cardiovascular diseases: causes, risk factors, and preventionIntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and associated with a high morbidity. They include a wide range of diseases that affect the heart and blood vessel system, including Coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure, stroke, arterial hypertension, and peripheral arterial disease.Causes and PathomechanismsThe main cause of many cardiovascular diseases is atherosclerosis — a chronic inflammation of the inner vessel wall with subsequent deposition of lipids, Glättmuskelzellen and fibrous tissue. This leads to the narrowing of the blood vessels and reduces blood flow to vital organs.In the case of Coronary heart disease due to atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries to a reduced blood supply to the heart muscle. In the extreme case, a sudden Vascular occlusion leads to a myocardial infarction.Arterial hypertension (high blood pressure) increases the load on the heart and blood vessels, promotes vascular changes and is a major risk factor for stroke and heart failure.Risk factorsRisk factors for cardiovascular conditions in the modifiable and non-modifiable sub-parts:Non-modifiable factors:Age (the risk increases with age)Gender (men are up to 50. Age more affected; after Menopause, the risk in women approaching men)Genetic predisposition (family with early CVD cases)Modifiable Factors:SmokingOverweight and obesityLack of exerciseUnhealthy diet (high, high-salt-, sugar -, and fat content)Hyperlipidemia (elevated blood fats, in particular, LDL-cholesterol)Arterial HypertensionDiabetes mellitusStress and psycho-social stressSymptomsDepending on the disease, the symptoms vary. Typical signs are:Chest pain (Angina pectoris)Shortness of breath, especially in the case of stressDizziness, FaintingHeart palpitations or heart rhythm disordersEdema (water retention), especially on the legsGeneral fatigue and reduce the performance ofDiagnosticsTo make a Diagnosis, various methods are used:History and physical examinationBlood Tests (Lipid Spectrum Of Blood Sugar, Kidney Values, Cardiac Enzymes)Electrocardiogram (ECG)Echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart)Exercise ECG (wheel or treadmill)Coronary angiography (vascular performing investigation)Ultrasound of the vessels (eg, carotid Doppler)Therapy and preventionEffective treatment includes both medication and non-drug measures:Drugs:Antihypertensives (e.g., ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers)Lipid-Lowering Drugs (Statins)Anticoagulants (for example, acetylsalicylic acid)Diuretics in heart failureLifestyle changes:Smoking abstinencehealthy, well-balanced diet according to the principle of the Mediterranean cuisineregular physical activity (at least 150 minutes of moderate load per week)Weight reduction in OverweightBlood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol, and self-controlConclusionCardiovascular diseases are a serious health challenge with high-prevention potential. Through the identification and modification of risk factors and early diagnosis and adequate therapy of the individual risk can be significantly reduced, and the quality of life and expectancy significantly improve.
If you have disturbed sleep, fatigue, disorientation, confusion, or nervousness, it's time to monitor your blood pressure. Either lack of sleep or too much sleeping might mean your blood pressure is high or low. If it’s left untreated, you will soon face an onslaught of multiple illnesses. Cardiovascular Disease. Ang presyon ng dugo ay isa sa mga pangunahing indikasyon ng kalusugan, na hindi lamang sumasalamin sa puso at sistema ng sirkulasyon, kundi pati na rin sa aktibidad ng mga bato, mga organo ng endokrin, paggawa ng dugo, at ng sistema ng nerbiyos. Kaya naman, walang isang unibersal na gamot laban sa mataas na presyon ng dugo. Hindi ka basta basta puwedeng pumunta sa botika at magtanong ng 'tableta para sa presyon,' kasi agad na tatanungin ng parmasyutiko – anong gamot ang nireseta sa iyo ng doktor?
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My sudden blood pressure diagnosis came at a time when I was too stressed. I was getting frequent headaches but always associated with long hours in front of the screen. Dr. told me to control my blood pressure with medicines, lifestyle changes and diet, or I could get a stroke. My husband bought me Cardio Balance to help me lower down my bp naturally. He was the one who monitored my reading. And to our amazement, it reduced from around 145/115 to 124/82 and stayed there. Honestly, it’s a lifesaver for me. Ang mga modernong gamot sa pag-imprenta ay hinahati sa 10 iba't ibang grupo ayon sa kanilang mekanismo ng pagkilos. Pagkatapos suriin ng doktor ang mga reklamo ng pasyente at ang resulta ng mga pagsusuri, nagrereseta siya ng isa o higit pang gamot, na hindi dapat baguhin nang mag-isa. Ang mga gamot sa puso at daluyan ng dugo ay hindi kabilang sa mga puwedeng irekomenda sa kaibigan. Ang maling desisyon ay maaaring magdulot ng malungkot na kahihinatnan. Lahat ng gamot na pampababa ng presyon ng dugo ay kailangan ng reseta. Sa artikulong ito, tinitingnan natin ang kanilang modernong klasipikasyon base sa mga aktibong sangkap at sa paraan ng epekto nito sa katawan.
Cardiovascular diseases in the conduct of polygraph testing: An analysis of the physiological effects of theThe implementation of lie detector Tests (also known as polygraph tests known) requires that the physiological responses of the subjects — such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and skin conductivity — be objectively measured and interpreted. In persons with cardiovascular disease (CVD), however, is the Interpretation of these data considerably more difficult, because of the present health disorders alter the normal physiological response to stress stimuli.Physiological bases of the lie detectorThe lie detector is based on the assumption that deception is associated with increased physiological arousal. Typical parameters are:Heart rate (HR): An increase in HF may indicate Stress or anxiety.Blood pressure (BP), increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure are common reactions to emotional stress.Breathing frequency and depth: changes in the breathing tend to correlate with stress reactions.Electrodermal activity (EDA): The skin conductivity increases with increased sympathetic nervous system activity.Impact of cardiovascular diseasesPersons with CVD often have a limited capacity for Autoregulation of the heart rate and blood pressure. Examples are:Hypertension: In patients with chronic hypertension, the blood pressure response to Stress may be atypical. The blood pressure is increased in the resting state, so that the difference between the rest and stress state is lower. This complicates the Interpretation of changes in blood pressure in the lie-detector Test.Cardiac arrhythmias: arrhythmias can lead to irregular heart rate patterns, not necessarily with the deception of trying to hang together. This leads to an increased likelihood of misinterpretation.Congestive heart failure: The decreased pumping function of the heart limits the ability to respond to Stress with an adequate heart rate increase. Thus, the typical markers of Stress can be mitigated in the lie detector Test, or delayed.Coronary heart disease (CHD): In CHD patients can result in the test situation to an increased oxygen demand of the heart muscle. This can lead to Angina pectoris, or other stress reactions, which are incorrectly interpreted as an indication of deception.Methodological challenges and solutionsPrior to the implementation of a lie-detector Tests, it is essential to collect a detailed medical history. Particularly important information to:This Cardiovascular Disease,Medication (e.g. beta-blockers reduce the heart rate),Current health conditions (e.g., acute infections, or blood pressure spikes).Additional methodological measures to improve the test validity in individuals with CVD include:Calibration of the Baseline: A longer recording of physiological parameters in the idle state before the start of the test helps to determine the individual values.Modified question batteries: The use of questions that are less emotionally draining, reduces the General stress response.Multimodal analysis: The inclusion of additional parameters, such as Micro-expressions in the facial expression or tone of voice, can increase the power of the test.Expert opinion: The involvement of a physician or physiologist in the evaluation of the data may fail to minimize interpretations.ConclusionCardiovascular diseases represent a significant challenge for the implementation and Interpretation of polygraph Tests. The change in the physiological responsiveness in individuals with CVD can lead to false positive or false negative results. Careful preparation, individual calibration and multi-disciplinary analysis are therefore necessary to ensure the validity and reliability of the test results. Future research should address the development of specific testing protocols for persons with chronic diseases in order to improve the accuracy of lie detection.
